Virtual reality (VR) is an innovative tool that enables realistic interaction with virtual environments. Effective virtual training requires didactic design, with methods such as self-directed and situational learning promoting problem-solving skills and personal responsibility. They are particularly valuable for training in the maintenance, operation and servicing of industrial plants, as they reduce error rates and increase safety. Challenges exist in the technical implementation and acceptance, which is why user feedback is essential for continuous optimization.

Virtual training for machine operation offers better learning experiences through intuitive user interfaces, immediate feedback and barrier-free design. The article describes the development of virtual learning scenarios for the maintenance of machine tools, starting with the determination of requirements, followed by conception, technical implementation and evaluation. Virtual learning environments promote media competence and motivation but involve risks such as social isolation. Three types of scenarios were developed: fully guided, information-supported and autonomous operations. Animations and virtual instructions are used for complex tasks such as the maintenance of a CNC lathe. Tests showed advantages such as systematic guidance and less explanation effort, but also high development effort and limited error analysis. Users rated the training predominantly positively, particularly with regard to spatial orientation and comprehensibility.